This overview details key aspects of Romania’s corporate income tax system as of 2025. All data presented is based on Romanian regulatory provisions and recent updates to compliance requirements for companies operating within the country.
Corporate Income Tax Overview in Romania
Romania levies a standard, flat corporate income tax on local and foreign businesses. This regime applies uniformly to most businesses with some notable sector-specific exceptions.
| Tax Type | Standard Rate (%) | Assessment Basis | Currency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corporate Income Tax | 16% | Corporate profits | RON (Romanian Leu) |
Romania applies a flat 16% corporate income tax rate to the taxable profit of companies. There are no progressive brackets for the main corporate tax; this straightforward approach contributes to administrative efficiency.
Special Surtaxes and Minimum Turnover Tax
Some sectors and specific categories of businesses are subject to additional tax rules. The following table summarizes notable surtaxes and supplementary obligations for 2025:
| Sector/Condition | Additional Tax/Surtax | Calculation Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Nightclubs & Gambling Operations | 5% of revenue (or 16% on profit, whichever is higher) | Revenue or Taxable Profit |
| Large Companies (Non-banks, Non-oil/gas) (Turnover > €50 million) |
Minimum Turnover Tax (IMCA) | Turnover, applied if CIT is lower than IMCA |
| Oil & Gas Companies | Specific Turnover Tax (ICAS) in addition to 16% CIT | Turnover |
| Credit Institutions | Turnover Tax in addition to 16% CIT | Turnover |
For nightclubs and gambling companies, the greater of 5% on gross revenue or the standard 16% on taxable profit must be paid. Large companies (excluding banking and oil/gas) with an annual turnover above €50 million (approx. $54.5 million USD at an exchange rate of 1 EUR = 1.09 USD) are subject to the Minimum Turnover Tax (IMCA) if their calculated corporate tax falls below a specific threshold based on turnover. The specific IMCA rate is not disclosed in the available official data.
Oil and gas companies, as well as credit institutions, face further industry-specific turnover taxes alongside the headline 16% rate. Official details on the precise calculation formulas for these sectoral turnover taxes are not made public by Romanian authorities as of 2025.
Tax Assessment and Filing
- Assessment Basis: Corporate income tax is assessed on net profits earned by companies operating in or deriving income from Romanian sources.
- Currency: Tax obligations are settled in Romanian Lei (RON).
- Tax Brackets: There are no progressive brackets or reductions; the regime applies the flat rate across all profit levels for standard corporations.
Unique Features of the Romanian Regime
Romania’s corporate taxation distinguishes itself with its flat tax approach combined with specific industry taxes and a minimum turnover tax for very large enterprises. Companies in highly regulated sectors such as gaming, oil, gas, and banking should pay special attention to cross-sectoral surcharge requirements.
Summary Table of Main Corporate Taxation Points (2025)
| Applicable Tax/Rule | Rate / Condition |
|---|---|
| Corporate Income Tax (all companies) | 16% of taxable profits |
| Nightclubs & Gambling | 5% of revenue or 16% of profit (whichever is higher) |
| Large companies (Turnover > €50m EUR/ $54.5m USD) |
IMCA – Minimum turnover tax (rate not disclosed) |
| Oil & Gas Companies | ICAS – Specific turnover tax (rate not disclosed) |
| Credit Institutions | Turnover tax (rate not disclosed) in addition to 16% CIT |
Pro Tips for Managing Corporate Tax in Romania
- Regularly audit revenue streams in regulated sectors like gaming and hydrocarbons to ensure proactive compliance with turnover-based supplementary assessments.
- Monitor your company’s annual turnover, especially as you approach the €50 million threshold where the IMCA minimum tax may apply.
- Keep informed on sector-specific updates from local authorities, particularly if operating in banking, oil, or gas due to evolving surcharge frameworks.
- All corporate tax filings and payments are due in Romanian Lei (RON), so account for currency conversion and potential FX risk in cross-border transactions.
Key References
Romania’s corporate tax regime in 2025 is primarily characterized by its flat 16% headline rate and industry-specific surtaxes that affect large enterprises, oil and gas companies, credit institutions, and the gaming sector. There are no progressive brackets, and most standard companies are taxed uniformly—a straightforward feature compared to some regional peers. It remains essential, however, for businesses to keep abreast of sectoral adjustments and minimum tax obligations, as Romania regularly refines its fiscal framework for targeted sectors and large-scale turnover.